When scores of Korean women representing a coalition of some 30 peace groups and NGOs entered South Korea’s National Assembly on the banks of Seoul’s Han River, they weren’t alone. This week, the Korean peace makers were joined by an international delegation of women peace activists for a symposium focused on ending the Korean War. A women’s peace walk along the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) is scheduled for May 26.
For the fourth time since 2015, these activists gathered to strategize how to most effectively advance peace on the Korean Peninsula and support diplomatic efforts to that end. #WomenPeaceKorea delegates’ efforts include engaging with South Korean government officials, foreign diplomats and US embassy officials.
Most of the international delegates are members of Women Cross DMZ and the Nobel Women’s Initiative who have traveled to Seoul to lend their support and raise awareness of the vital role women play in ending conflict.
Multiple studies have shown that when women participate in negotiations, the likelihood of achieving peace increases substantially and that peace lasts longer.
Ahn Kim Jeong-ae, one of the symposium’s organizers, said the diplomatic thaw between North and South Korea makes this week’s events even more crucial. Because women suffer disproportionately in war, they have a critical role to play in conflict resolution.
Ahn Kim noted that 2018 marks the 70th anniversary of the establishment of separate governments in Seoul and Pyongyang. This spring was also the 70th anniversary of the April 3 incident in which some 30,000 civilians on South Korea’s Jeju Island were massacred over a seven-year period when US military-backed right-wing forces violently purged opponents of a divided and occupied Korea.
“We want to commemorate these historical facts on May 24, International Women’s Day for Disarmament and Peace,” Ahn Kim said, noting that because women suffer disproportionately in war, they have a critical role to play in conflict resolution.
A Change in Tone
Christine Ahn is the international coordinator for Women Cross DMZ, which crossed from North to South Korea in 2015. She said the fact that this year’s symposium was held at the National Assembly (the South Korean equivalent of the US Congress), was “hugely significant.”
Unlike in 2015, when Women Cross DMZ was barely acknowledged by South Korea’s Ministry of Unification, this year’s symposium was financed by the South Korean Ministry of Gender, Equality and Family, Ahn said.
The difference reflects a dramatic change from the administration of deposed South Korean President Park Guen-hye to the progressive administration of current President Moon Jae-in, who favors engagement with the North.
“It’s night and day,” Ahn said. “We are getting the red carpet treatment … [and] are respected and welcomed in a way that we weren’t in 2015.”
Ahn said this week’s symposium provided an outlet for all women to express their desire for peace, adding, “We’ve also heard from women from Hawaii, Guam, China and Japan about how tensions last year threatened them all.” In response to Trump’s sudden cancellation of the proposed Singapore summit, Ahn said, “We must call for both to return to talks because too much is at stake and there has been too much work to bring final resolution to the longest standing US war.”
With the proposed Trump-Kim summit summarily cancelled by Trump on Thursday, Ahn said women’s participation is even more essential to reframing what security actually means. “We need to define security in far different terms than the militarized national security,” she told Truthout.
Aiyoung Choi, who was born in what is now North Korea, today serves on the Women Cross DMZ steering committee. She’s heartened to have the support of women peacemakers from countries as diverse as Canada, China, Russia, Iraq, Colombia, Kenya, Japan and the Philippines.
“Men have been in the driver’s seat all along, doing things their own way,” Choi said. “It is time to live up to the leadership role of women, to live up to the mandates of [United Nations Security Council] Resolution 1325 that recognizes the critical role of women in conflict resolution, and the Women, Peace and Security Act of 2017 that President Trump signed last October, which passed with bipartisan congressional support.”
To Support and to Learn
Among the women who traveled to North Korea in 2015 to meet with North Korean women before crossing the DMZ was Nobel Peace Prize laureate (1976) Mairead Maguire, from Northern Ireland. As she prepared to return to Korea this week, Maguire told Truthout that the international delegates’ role was to listen, learn from and support Korean peacemakers.
“We also come with a certain amount of experiences in our own situation where peace has worked for those of us who come from certain areas,” Maguire said, citing her own work to end the violence in Northern Ireland in the 1970s.
Recounting the 2015 trip, Maguire recalled how she was struck by the intense yearning for peace expressed by the thousands of North Korean women they met at rallies in Pyongyang and Kaesong. Those women, Maguire explained, wanted to reunite with family members on the other side of the DMZ.
“Peace is possible and the civil community has a role in helping to build that peace and to support political leaders who show courage to try to make peace, but you can’t leave out the civil community and particularly women,” Maguire told Truthout.
“Making peace is a process, and it takes time and it takes courage. And it takes people to constantly sit at the table and to be prepared to compromise and to listen to each other and find solutions,” Maguire added.
Also joining this year’s symposium was San Francisco State University professor emerita Margo Okazawa-Rey, who told Truthout that the women activists who are participating in the peace movement place a special emphasis on conflict resolution due to their “concern for life, community, families — the nuts and bolts of living life in a conflict situation.”
“Because women are burdened with the daily aspects of occupation or armed conflict, I think we have a lot more at stake for making sure that peace processes actually are put in place and they actually work,” she added.
She pointed to peace efforts and mass mobilization by women in Liberia as a prime example of how they can help end war, but added that the role of men cannot be discounted.
“Obviously, it’s a joint effort … the reunification question, in a very fundamental way, is about reunifying families that have been separated since the split,” she said.
Okazawa-Rey cautioned that peace talks should not be limited to high-level diplomatic talks and spoke of the need for a range of dialogues at every level, including citizen diplomacy. “Let the people in on some of the action,” she told Truthout.
Having reached this historic moment in Korea, Okazawa-Rey praised the ambitious goals of the Panmunjeom Declaration for Peace, Prosperity and Unification of the Korean Peninsula, signed by Kim and Moon at the DMZ on April 27.
“It has to be bold. It has to be super-idealistic to help people imagine possibilities, to imagine a certain kind of generative direction that the Korean people should be headed toward,” she said.
Among its many stated targets, the Panmunjeom Declaration calls for an end to division and confrontation, intra-Korean contacts at all levels and replacing the armistice with a final peace treaty to formally end the Korean War.
Take Nothing for Granted
Two of the international delegates in Seoul this week came from Pacific islands that have firsthand experience with the threat of war with North Korea: Hawaii and Guam.
Kalamaokaaina Niheu is a family doctor on Oahu whose own family has a long history of fighting for justice in the Pacific. With a Kanaka Maoli (Hawaiian) father and Korean mother, Niheu feels a deep sense of solidarity with both places and recognizes how each has been impacted by colonization and militarization.
“Without a doubt, this unification, this potential for hope and peace has been laid down brick-and-mortar by the Korean people themselves,” Niheu said. “They have desperately, and with great integrity and principle, fought for it and struggled for peace and reunification of their people, and it’s been a long time coming.”
The current situation in Korea, if handled poorly, could precipitate World War III, Niheu said. But, if handled well, could offer a beacon of hope to other strife-ridden regions. “We need to have these moments of hope and peace. We need to make sure they are protected and uplifted and supported as much as possible.”
With so much fragility in the world, Niheu said, nothing should be taken for granted. “Nothing is guaranteed. Every possibility of forward progressive movement needs to be fiercely protected.”
But women have been notoriously pushed to the side for many centuries, according to Niheu, who said she sees an increased recognition of the invaluable and intrinsic contributions women make, not just to creating peace, but to creating lasting peace.
“Involving women in [peace-building] is not for show. It is a fundamental incorporation of the backbone of society,” Niheu said. “Women in particular have fought for this because they’re fighting for their families, they’re fighting for their villages, they’re fighting for their communities and they’re fighting for future generations.”
Also in attendance was Lisa Natividad, president of the Guahan Coalition for Peace and Justice. In 2015, Natividad was part of the Women Cross DMZ delegation that traveled to Pyongyang, where she witnessed the heartbreak North Koreans expressed, longing for family members across the DMZ.
Natividad’s home on Guahan (Guam) is some 2,000 miles from North Korea, but the island’s large US military presence, which includes nuclear capable bombers, has placed it in the crosshairs of a possible war. In Natividad’s words, “the cookie crumbles on Guam.”
Before he called off the scheduled June 12 summit in Singapore with North Korea, President Trump, who frequently boasts about being pro-military, had suggested “everyone thinks” he deserves the Nobel Peace Prize.
However, when asked who should receive a Nobel Peace Prize if a Korean peace treaty is signed, Natividad said she believes most women are less focused on being recognized or given credit than they are with tangible results. “Women have played a very critical role, whether or not it’s in the spotlight. Quite frankly, I don’t think most women are that concerned with acknowledgement,” she said. “Peace on the Korean Peninsula is peace for the rest of the world.”
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