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How BP Used Public Arts in the UK to Further Oil Plans in Mexico and Australia

Through its sponsorship of the British Museum, oil giant BP enjoyed significant influence.

Through its sponsorship of the British Museum, oil giant BP enjoyed significant influence over major exhibitions on Australian and Mexican culture — at a time when the company was pursuing commercial deals in both countries.

Emails sent by staff at the two organisations reveal that the oil company sought access to Mexican and UK government figures at a private event held by the British Museum as part of last year’s BP-sponsored Days of the Dead festival, just one month before bidding opened for new deepwater drilling permits controlled by the Mexican government.

The heavily redacted documents — obtained via a freedom of information request (FOI) submitted by campaign coalition Art Not Oil — reveal how BP has been colouring outside the lines in its commercial relationships with the British Museum, Tate, the National Portrait Gallery and the Science Museum.

The emails reveal that BP was consulted on curatorial decisions, including acquisitions of artworks, for major exhibitions held last year at the British Museum, each of which held strategic political and commercial value for BP.

The Days of the Dead festival took place as BP was preparing to bid for fresh offshore drilling licenses in the Gulf of Mexico — five years after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill decimated the gulf.

The museum’s Indigenous Australia: Enduring Civilisation exhibition, also sponsored by BP, took place when the company was seeking to drill for offshore oil in the Great Australian Bight, an ongoing process that has proved unpopular with the Australian public.

Art Not Oil report that in both instances, BP staff gained direct access to policy-makers from Mexico and Australia through their involvement with these two exhibitions.

The emails also reveal that BP used its position as sponsor to influence the Science Museum’s choice of launch date for last year’s Cosmonauts exhibition, in order both to maximise BP’s access to senior Russian officials and to avoid a clash with the US courts announcing the outcome of the Deepwater Horizon trials. BP has a 19.8% stake in Russian state oil company Rosneft, making it the largest shareholder after the Russian government.

In its report on the FOI documents, Art Not Oil said: “The cultural institutions are facilitating highly controversial partnerships between one of the world’s biggest polluters, and oppressive regimes such as Russia, Mexico, and now Egypt (the focus of the British Museum’s next big BP-sponsored exhibition, Sunken Cities). They are also helping BP to improve its reputation in countries where it’s facing major public opposition, such as Australia.”

Read Art Not Oil’s full report here.

When asked to comment on the findings in the report, BP told Energydesk:

“BP is proud to partner with leading British arts and culture institutions. Our relationships with these institutions are longstanding and are based on ongoing dialogue, enabling more than 2 million people a year to enjoy the best of arts and culture in the UK. The emails referenced in this report have been taken out of context to give a distorted view of what are in fact strong and positive relationships.”

Oil Sponsorship in the Arts

In 2011, BP signed a five-year sponsorship deal with the British Museum, the Royal Opera House, Tate and the National Portrait Gallery. Earlier this year, BP confirmed that it would not be renewing its partnership with Tate. The remaining three institutions are still in negotiations with BP.

Sponsorship deals between cultural institutions and oil giants have long been criticised by campaigners as means for the latter to buy ‘social license to operate,’ promoting an image of corporate responsibility to mitigate reputational damage from environmental destruction and contribution to climate change.

These documents reveal some of the ways BP has directly benefited from arts sponsorship, and the specific ways in which museum practices have been affected.

BP in Mexico

The report found that BP’s sponsorship of the Days of the Dead festival was not included in its five-year deal with the British Museum. Funding was offered as an extra at short notice, just as a fresh round of deepwater drilling licenses in the Gulf of Mexico were about to be made available. According to Art Not Oil’s Chris Garrard, this sudden supply of funding “looks like an obvious tactical move to improve [BP]’s chances.”

Strategic networking opportunities for BP to meet the Mexican ambassador and other officials were provided as part of the festival. One email — concerning a VIP reception featuring “Mexican-inspired canapés” and a Mariachi band, sent from a BP staffer to the museum — reads:

“Ladies — I hope you are enjoying the weekend. A couple of things from me: …Do we have confirmation of Mexican government representation on the evening 30 October? Do we have confirmation from DCMS [Department of Media, Culture and Sport] re UK Government representation on the evening of 30 October?”

When the British Museum’s head of events sent the guest list to the Mexican embassy, they requested that it be deleted after reading.

An anonymous staff member at the British Museum expressed to Art Not Oil the frustration felt by museum workers concerning events such as the Days of the Dead festival, which are felt to be developed primarily to promote BP’s interests:

“The feeling from the majority of staff on events such as these is ‘why are we doing this’? It has nothing to do with our current exhibition programme, it hasn’t been factored into carefully considered long-term strategic planning for the public programme and it’s an enormous drain on resources for teams who already feel as though they are working over capacity… There is no doubt in anyone’s mind that the project is due to the whim of a funder, we have to deliver it and that we don’t have a choice in the matter.”

The report points out that BP has embraced Mexico’s Energy Reform Act of 2013, a controversial bill that encourages foreign and private companies to extract and transport oil using favourable tax conditions and royalties.

BP has already secured one contract for shallow drilling in Mexico, but the company has its sights set on more lucrative deepwater contracts controlled by the Mexican government — bidding for which began one month after the Days of the Dead festival and continues throughout 2016.

Neither the current nor the previous Mexican governments have held BP to account for 2010’s Deepwater Horizon oil spill, according to Art Not Oil.

BP in Australia

The FOI documents show that BP was invited to comment on the public programs schedule for the British Museum’s Indigenous Australia exhibition in 2015, the top marketing objective for which was: “To promote the ongoing partnership between the British Museum & BP.”

Art Not Oil reports that the British Museum made concerted efforts to protect the reputation of its sponsor at the exhibition’s press launch. Museum staff wrote a briefing for BP representatives to prepare them for any probing questions on the ethics and motives of arts sponsorship by an oil company. The British Museum and the Australian High Commission were also given drafted responses to questions such as “How do you justify taking money from an organisation that has caused an environmental and social disaster of this magnitude?” and “Isn’t BP using arts sponsorship to soften up its image?”

The museum briefing recommended BP answer such questions with an itemisation of its relationship with the museum so far. It made no mention of ethics or BP’s environmental track record.

The documents also reveal that the British Museum consulted BP on the acquisition of a new painting by Aboriginal artists for the exhibition, appearing to ask for the oil company’s permission to purchase the work — despite BP’s declaration that the museum has “full control over the choice, specification, production and delivery of the Acquisition.”

An email sent from a museum staff member to BP about the painting includes this question: “The curator of the Australia exhibition is keen to move forward with this so we just wanted to make sure you had no objection to this?”

Art Not Oil also noted that the majority of Aboriginal communities involved in the exhibition were not informed that BP was a sponsor, a perhaps insensitive move given the well-documented impacts of extractive industries on Indigenous peoples, and given the ongoing struggle between BP and traditional land owners over controversial plans to drill for oil in the Great Australian Bight.

Other key findings from the FOI documents:

  • Through its cultural partnerships, BP obtained access to UK ministers at the Department of Culture, Media and Sport

  • There is evidence to suggest that BP was directly involved in the development of government policy in a meeting with culture ministers

  • BP held meetings with security staff from its cultural partners to discuss how they should deal with legitimate protesters. BP also provided intel to the museums about upcoming anti-BP actions based on BP’s observation of protest groups

  • BP requested and was given information from museums about their staff’s union membership, following a vote by members of the PCS Union to formally oppose oil sponsorship

Museums Under Investigation

According to the report, the written exchanges between BP and its cultural partners suggest potential transgressions of the International Council of Museums’ Code of Ethics, which states: “Regardless of funding source, museums should maintain control of the content and integrity of their programmes, exhibitions and activities.”

The Museum Association’s code of ethics has also potentially been breached, and the association’s ethics committee has just opened an investigation into the claims made by Art Not Oil that museums have been bending to the will of a corporate sponsor.

As part of Art Not Oil’s investigation, evidence emerged suggesting that several of the museums in question may have withheld requested information, which would place them in breach of the Freedom of Information Act. Tate has already been forced to release withheld data on BP funding following an information tribunal in 2015.

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