There Is No Rule Requiring the Criminalization of Immigrants — Trump Created It

Today we bring you a conversation with Eve Stotland, the director of legal services at the New York-based nonprofit youth organization The Door — A Center of Alternatives. Stotland breaks down recent news of the Trump administration’s immigration policies, why the president could end the migrant family separation crisis at any time and how those isolated in detention are most in need of support.

Sarah Jaffe: We are talking because there are a lot of emotions running really high and there is a lot of confusion about what is actually going on with the Trump administration’s new (and some not-so-new) immigration policies. Let’s start out really basic and talk about what is going on that has people so angry.

Eve Stotland: There are a few things going on and I think that some of them are getting conflated, so it is really helpful to pull them apart. One thing that is absolutely going on is that the US government — and very specifically Customs and Border Patrol and Immigration and Customs Enforcement [ICE] … these agencies, when they detain families, when they are arresting families at the border for violating immigration laws, they are separating parents and children.

Now, some of this is new and some of it is not new. It is a surprise to a lot of people that I talk to that the US has been detaining — meaning prison, putting families who violated immigration law in prison; it is called immigration detention, but let’s remember it is prison — for many years. So that is not new…. In fact, I think there is something like 34,000 beds.

What is new here is that really Immigration [and Customs Enforcement] did not have a policy at the border of separating parents and children. That is something that has developed recently. It is hard to track exactly when it started because the federal government is not being honest about it. One day they say there is no new policy. The next day, they say there is a policy. Then, Trump blames the Democrats for the policy.

The amount of intentional misinformation that is going out there is really intense, but what we do know — because people at the border, including the ACLU, have been tracking this and have brought a lawsuit about it — is that absolutely at least 600 parents and children have been separated in recent months at the border.

This story and the story of 1,500 young people who are not currently being tracked or able to be found by the Border Patrol are getting conflated and a lot of people are justifiably angry and upset. Can we go through that story as well, and talk about the questions of: Who are these children that are missing? And what is happening there?

The federal government is doing so many terrible things to immigrants, and specifically to immigrant children. People should hold onto that anger. They are well-founded in that anger. If they are suspicious of how the federal government is treating immigration children, they are right, because it is very bad.

However, one thing that the government is not doing is losing children. The government has not lost immigrant children. What happens — and I really am an expert in this who has been doing this work at The Door for many years, I have been doing this work over a course of 10 years — is that when children arrive at the border unaccompanied, they are taken first by … officials, either Customs and Border Patrol or Immigration and Customs Enforcement, and they are detained in pretty bad conditions, in what are called hieleras. The kids and the immigrants call them hieleras. They are iceboxes, very cold, and the ACLU just issued a report about the level of abuse by Customs and Border Patrol and ICE of children in these hieleras.

Then, the children go to another kind of detention center, which is more like foster care. It is more humane, but don’t forget, they are not free to leave. And when you are not free to leave, that is called detention. If they have a parent, that parent is not free to pick them up at that point. So that is still detention.

And then, wonderfully, they are released to the community. I say, “wonderfully” because I have a 10-year-old daughter and I believe that she is safest with me. We presume in this country, both in a personal capacity and our laws and policies, … that the best place for children is with their parents or broader families. That children do not belong in institutions. They certainly don’t belong in detention. But … they really belong in family settings.

So, the federal government has historically acknowledged that, and once the federal government could find an appropriate family — usually a relative, sometimes a friend of the family … to place the children with, they do this. This person is called a sponsor. So, once the child is placed with the sponsor … the government is still trying to deport that child and the child will have to go to immigration court, but that child is no longer the responsibility of the federal government and that is good, because who do we want responsible for our children? We want family members responsible for children, not the federal government. Especially not the enforcement branch of a federal government agency. Right?

So, our children are much safer in their communities and in their families than they are with the federal government. They are much healthier with their families and communities than they are in detention centers. But something that happens when you give children back to their families, when you unite them with their families, is that they go from one relative to another or the relative moves and doesn’t leave a forwarding address, or if the parent or relative is undocumented, when the authorities call up trying to find out what happened to this child, they don’t call back because they are very afraid of the federal authorities….

The federal authorities are doing all they can to encourage that fear.

That is right. People have all watched the same news: People who are against more immigration, people who are for more immigration…. People like Attorney General Jeff Sessions, President Trump … we hear them all saying, “You should be scared.” So, guess what? People are scared. They don’t want to be found. But it does not mean that they have lost their children.

Now that we have disentangled some of this, can you talk a little bit about the way that policy has shifted? It is obviously getting worse and tending more toward criminalization under Trump, but this is a tendency that goes back a couple of decades now.

Yes. The government has had the right to charge people who … enter the US, cross the border or come through a port of entry without proper permission — with a crime for many years. It was a power that the government used quite sparingly. Mostly, it is more efficient and faster just to deport people, especially if we don’t want to pay for their detention, which costs taxpayers money. And especially if the government’s goal is to get people out of the United States and back home.

There are already some due process rights and some bureaucracy that goes along with deporting people, and a lot of expense that goes along with deporting them. If you are going to do a — criminal prosecution, it just adds to it. So, the government is going to be detaining people for longer periods of time, paying for that for longer periods of time. Now, you are not just doing an immigration prosecution, you are doing a federal criminal prosecution. You have an attorney on that, you have a judge. It requires a lot of resources, so the government used to only use it when they had something somewhat extraordinary happening.

Now, the government has decided to use it to terrorize families and as a way to force separation of families. So, there is no federal family criminal detention. There are no such beds. I am not advocating for such beds, but there are no such beds. So, if any person — immigrant or non-immigrant — is charged with a federal crime and is going to be sent to a federal detention center for alleged criminals, they will not be able to take their children. So, by charging people whose crime is that they entered the country illegally — by charging them not just with “illegal entry,” but a criminal act, the immigration officials and the federal government succeed in changing the type of detention and ensuring that they are able to split up parents and children.

We are, rightly, in the middle of a firestorm of anger about all of these things. People are planning marches and rallies and things. So now that we have sort of pulled some of this apart, what can people do and what are the things that they should be thinking about as demands in this moment? What kind of things can be done and what are the kinds of things that would actually be beneficial for people to direct their anger toward?

I will absolutely suggest some concrete steps, but I want to start by saying that President Trump created this problem. This problem could be resolved by him at any point. There is no law, no statute, no case law that requires the government to charge families who enter without proper permission with a crime. For years, most families were not so charged, so this could end this moment if this president and his cabinet decided that it could end this moment. It is really important for people to know that because there is so much misinformation.

I am an attorney and I do believe in the rule of law. Sometimes when we advocate for more humane policies … we have to get the law changed. Here, we don’t. The law is just fine. We are advocating that people stop doing something that they absolutely can stop doing without any passage of legislation.

About the separation of parents and children, I think it is so important that people educate themselves, because these issues are complicated and because there is a lot of misinformation going around; some of it because the issues are confusing and some of it intentional. That is, President Trump is lying about what is happening. So, educating yourself and educating your friends is really important, because we do have to know what the problem is before we can ask people to resolve it.

I think that understanding the importance of getting lawyers for children and families who are affected is very important, supporting agencies that either provide legal representation to children and families who are impacted by these policies or provide social services. Everything from counselling to medical care to emergency shelter for families. Because once they are released — if they are released — they are usually destitute. They absolutely need communities’ help. They will also spread out, when they are released, across the country.

Many of the families who are separated are Central American and they are going to go to places where there are the strongest, most vibrant Central American immigrant communities, which include New York, Texas and California. So, if you live in one of those states, almost for certain, there is a lot that you can do to serve this community and help this community right in your city or town.

When people are detained, it is very hard to help them. That is something that is intentional. When people are detained, they are being punished. When they are detained and pulled away from their children, they are being tortured. But a whole other thing happens when people are detained: They are being taken away from people who could support or advocate for them. They are being isolated. So, there are a few places that do wonderful detention-based work. That is very important.

If you live near an immigration detention facility … and you can find a list on the Immigration [and] Customs Enforcement’s website … if they will allow you to do any volunteer work with the people detained there, that is amazing. “They” being the prison wardens, some of whom run county jails, some of whom run state facilities and many of whom run private for-profit prisons.

Finally, people are organizing rallies around this in New York, I know, and in other places. Do you have any more information on that if people want to get involved?

So, people who want to get involved who are in the New York City area can join the Jericho Walk this Friday at 5 pm at Foley Square, downtown Manhattan, and show their support for fair [and] humane immigration policies, for immigrant families and children.

It would be very helpful if people would call their federal representatives and say, “Stop separating immigrant families at the border. Children belong in their families and communities. They do not belong in foster care or in institutions. This is inhumane and it has to stop.”

How can people keep up with you and your work?

I work at The Door in New York City. People should like our page or follow us on Instagram or Facebook or Twitter and you will see all about the work that we do representing immigrant children from all over the world and helping them build new safe lives here in the United States.

This interview has been lightly edited for clarity and length.

Interviews for Resistance is a project of Sarah Jaffe, with assistance from Laura Feuillebois and support from the Nation Institute. It is also available as a podcast on iTunes. Not to be reprinted without permission.